泡沫橡胶路用阻尼特性研究

研究生：熊子益

指导教师：杨轸副研究员

二零一七年六月

泡沫橡胶作为一种超弹性、大变形、自恢复的工业材料，具备的缓冲、减震等阻尼性能在道路安全防护领域有着广泛的应用前景。论文在对国内外相关研究进行总结分析的基础上，通过设计动态力学材料试验获取了泡沫橡胶阻尼耗能性能指标，并用有限元仿真的方法分析了泡沫橡胶材料在路用工况下阻尼特性。

首先，通过分析泡沫橡胶材料阻尼耗能机理及材料自身模量低、变形大的特点，提出了改进的材料周期压缩动态力学试验方法，通过降低试件尺寸提高了应变率水平和数据可读性，同时基于泡沫橡胶材料低密度、波阻抗小等特点，提出了改进的材料冲击力学试验方法。

然后，通过正交试验方法分析了应变率水平、材料厚度、材料密度及端部接触条件四个自变量对泡沫橡胶阻尼耗能性能的影响，得出了应变率水平和试件厚度两个因素对开孔泡沫橡胶阻尼耗能性能具有显著影响；应变率水平和材料密度两个因素对闭孔泡沫橡胶阻尼耗能性能具有显著影响。

其次，通过改进的MTS试验和SHPB试验，分别获取了泡沫橡胶材料中低应变率水平（1s-1-100s-1）和高应变率水平（100s-1-10000s-1）下动态力学性能，得出了泡沫橡胶材料阻尼耗能性能与应变率水平呈现正相关，应变率水平每提高10s-1，开孔泡沫橡胶单位体积损耗能量提高8.8kj/m3，闭孔泡沫橡胶单位体积损耗能量提高0.6kj/m3。

最后，通过ABAQUS有限元仿真，建立了刚性轮胎与泡沫橡胶路面耦合模型，分析了不同车速、不同路面厚度下泡沫橡胶路面减速情况，得出了泡沫橡胶路面在路用荷载作用下具有明显的减速效果，闭孔泡沫橡胶路面减速度水平处于2.9m/s2-6.9m/s2，开孔泡沫橡胶路面减速度水平处于2.5m/s2-12.2m/s2，且减速度大小与车速呈现正相关。

关键词：泡沫橡胶，阻尼耗能，应变率，减速路面，轮路耦合，有限元

ABSTRACT

With excellent  performance in buffering and damping property, foam rubber has a broad  application prospect in the field of road safety protection. Through the  investigation of research status and dynamic periodic compression test of the  foam rubber material, this research found the relationship between energy  dissipation property of foam rubber and strain rate as well as material  category. A finite element model of foam rubber road was also made to  evaluate the performance of buffering and damping property on road.

At first, this  research found that reducing the sample size can improve data readability and  increase strain rate of MTS experiment. It also can obtain mechanical  characteristics of foam rubber in high strain rate by improving SHPB  experiment.

Then, this  research points out the impact factor of damping property in four aspects.

This research  found that the strain rate and specimen thickness have significant influence  on damping property of open-cell foam rubber. The strain rate and density  have significant influence on damping property of close-cell foam rubber.

In addition,  through the MTS test and modified SHPB test, this research points out dynamic  mechanical properties of foam rubber in range of low strain rate  (1s-1~100s-1) and high strain rate level (100 s-1~10000 s-1). It concludes  that damping property  related to strain rate. When the strain rate  increase 10s-1,open-cellfoam rubber energy dissipation per unit volume  increased by 8.8kj/m-3, closed-cell foam rubber energy dissipation per unit  volume increased by 0.6kj/m-3.

Finally, this  research establish an ABAQUS simulation which was used to analysis the deceleration  of foam rubber road in different condition. This research concluded that foam  rubber road has excellent performance of deceleration which positively  related to speed. Deceleration of close-cell foam rubber road is a range of  2.9m/s-2~6.9m/s-2, and it of close-cell foam rubber road is a range of  2.5m/s-2~12.2m/s-2.

Key Words: foam rubber, damping property, strain rate, deceleration road,  wheel-road coupling, finite element