摘要 高速公路桥隧群路段结合了道路、桥梁和隧道三种构造物形式，交通环境复杂，是交通事故多发地段。驾驶员经过桥隧群路段时，需要适应数次明暗相间的变化；隧道内外的路面结构不同，会产生路面摩擦系数和附着系数的变化，雨雪天气尤甚。桥隧群路段是山区高速公路安全运营的危险路段，交通事故频发，制约着高速公路交通运输的发展。同时，桥隧群路段属于山区高速公路的瓶颈路段，较小的交通事故也能影响整个路网的运营效率。 如果不采用先进的监控管理措施，高速公路桥隧群路段在交通量大、气候恶劣等情况下极易发生交通事故和交通堵塞。在高速公路桥隧群路段设置完善的监控预警设施，提供具有可行性的监控预警方案，对减少交通事故的发生、增强道路的通行能力、保证桥隧群的安全营运具有重要意义。 基于此背景，本文首先从驾驶员视觉特性及桥梁隧道间设置间距分析，对高速公路桥隧群进行了定义。并通过实地调研对高速公路桥隧群的运营环境特征进行梳理与分析，为之后的研究做好准备工作。 其次通过研究高速公路桥隧群事故数据，分析高速公路桥隧群事故特征，判定高速公路桥隧群事故致因，并结合文献调研分析，建立了高速公路桥隧群路段事故致因模型。 基于高速公路桥隧群事故特征及事故致因模型，设计事件下桥隧群路段驾驶模拟实验，利用驾驶模拟系统与眼动追踪系统，记录驾驶员的驾驶行为特征与驾驶员眼动行为特征。研究分析天气状况、可变信息板设置位置对驾驶员躲避前方事件的影响。 根据桥隧群路段致因分析及事件下桥隧群路段驾驶模拟实验，提出高速公路桥隧群监控预警方案，包括信息采集、危险状态识别、安全管理对策、信息发布四项内容，并针对湖南省怀通高速火炭湾隧道进行了监控预警方案设计与应用。 最后，论文对研究成果进行了总结，指出了不足之处，对今后的研究方向进行了展望。 关键词：高速公路桥隧群，事故致因，驾驶模拟，监控预警。 ABSTRACT Expressway bridge-tunnel group contains roads, bridges and tunnels. Its complex traffic environment makes their black spots. When the driver passes over the bridge-tunnel group, he need to adapt to changes in light and dark of several. Pavement structures within and outside the tunnel generate changes in the road surface friction coefficient, especially in rain and snow. Bridge-tunnel group is dangerous sections of mountain highway, restricting the development of highway transportation. At the same time, bridge-tunnel group is the bottleneck sections of the highway, minor accidents can affect operational efficiency of the entire road network. Without the use of advanced monitoring and management measures, expressway bridge-tunnel group is likely to occur traffic accidents and traffic congestion under heavy traffic, bad weather and other circumstances. Setting up improve monitoring and early warning facilities on the expressway bridge-tunnel group, providing early warning monitoring program feasible, is important to reduce traffic accidents, enhance road capacity and ensure the safety of bridge-tunnel Group. Based on this background, this paper first defined expressway bridge-tunnel group by analyzing driver visual characteristics and the spacing between bridge and tunnel. Based on the operation situation survey data of expressway tunnels in Hunan province, this paper prepares for the later study And then, this paper analyzed the accident characteristics and determined the cause of the accident by studying accident data of expressway bridge-tunnel group. Expressway bridge-tunnel group accident causation model has been made with literature survey. In view of expressway bridge-tunnel group accident causation model, a driving simulation experimental scheme is designed about expressway bridge-tunnel group under traffic accidents. Using driving simulation system and eye tracking system to record drivers’ driving behavior characteristics and eye movement behavior characteristics. Analyze the influence of weather conditions, the location of variable message on the driver. Based on the accident causation model and driving simulation experiment, this paper put forward the comprehensive traffic control measures to each event. The tunnel dynamic warning system were puts forward based on system function, equipment layout and work flow. This dynamic warning system was including The system consists of information collection, information processing, information release and information transmission equipment, which can monitoring the tunnel sections operational condition and carry out early warning to the emergency condition. At last, the research results were summarized, and the disadvantages were pointed out, and the future research directions were prospected. Key Words: expressway bridge-tunnel group, accident causation, driving simulation, monitoring and warning. |
硕士论文