摘要 由于地形限制、改扩建等原因，高速公路上存一定数量半径小、纵坡坡度大、四周封闭、下部悬空等典型特征的路段，包括特殊的物理线形（小半径、长大纵坡、弯坡组合），特殊的结构类型（特长桥梁、隧道及随到群、立体交叉）。设置恰当的标志标线以辅助驾驶员对该类路段有正确的预期和判断，能够帮助驾驶员更顺适、安全地通过特殊路段。与此同时，现有的研究多针对某一种标志或标线的使用效果进行对比分析，而实际运行中，驾驶员接受的是标志标线组合设置下传达的综合信息，因此论文以特殊路段的标志标线组合设置为研究对象，提出以设置目的为分类依据的标志标线细化分类，以指导标志标线的综合设计设置，并在此基础上提出用于高速公路特殊路段的标志标线组合设置方法，并进一步提出了基于可靠度的标志标线合理性评价方法。 论文首先将标志标线糅合在一起，以设置目的为分类标准，将高速公路常见标志标线分为指引类、规则类、警告类、辅助类四大类，用以指导标志标线的综合设置。 在此基础上，论文对小半径路段、长大下坡路段、桥隧段路段、出入口路段标志标线的组合设置进行了研究，并针对各个路段的特征选取相应的研究手段。其中小半径路段采用了建模及驾驶模拟试验的方法，提出了基于小半径路段视距的标志设置位置模型，以及将基于小波理论的方向盘高频能量值作为驾驶员操作负荷特征值，并通过驾驶模拟对比分析了三种典型标志标线组合的使用效果，最终用以指导小半径路段的标志标线设置；长大下坡方面，以调查问卷的方式为主获取驾驶员对该类路段标志标线的反馈，并结合实际调研的数据给出长大下坡路段标志标线的组合设置方案；桥隧段方面，在隧道通视模型的基础上，结合驾驶模拟实验提出了将非通视型隧道及通视型隧道区分设置标志标线组合的理念，并给出了相应的设置方案；出入口路段主要针对的是多车道出入口的标志标线设置，并重点建立了基于驾驶行为的合流区标志标线设计参数模型。 最后，论文提出基于可靠度的高速公路标志标线合理性评价方法，旨在对标志标线设置的实际效果与信息内容的一致性进行评价，以减少标志标线在设置设计时可能出现的诸如减速振动标线设置过于频繁、限速过低等不合理因素。 关键词：特殊路段，标志标线组合，小波理论，驾驶模拟，可靠度。 ABSTRACT Due to reasons such as terrain, reconstruction and extension of freeway, there are a certain amount of curve of small radius, large longitudinal slope, enclosed area and structures built over a railway, river, or road on freeways, including special alignment (curves with small radius, long slope alignment, combination of curves and slope), and the special structures (bridges, tunnels and cross over to the group, three-dimensional). A proper signs and markings can assist drivers to get a correct predictions and judgement, and to drive more smoothly and safely through the special sections. Meanwhile, the existing research are mainly aim at a certain kind of signs or markings, but the drivers are effected by the synthesize information conveyed by all the signs and markings they see. Therefore, this paper focus on the combinations of signs and markings, propose a detailed classification of signs and markings guide the setup of signs and markings, and furthermore, this paper propose setting methods of signs and markings on freeway special sections, and evaluation methodology of signs and markings based on reliability theory. First of all, this paper mixed signs and markings, divided signs and markings into four categories: guideline, rule, warning and auxiliary based on the aim of signs markings. On this basis, the paper surveyed the signs and markings of curves with small radius, long slop alignment, bridge and tunnel section and freeway entrances and exits, and choose a corresponding research method based on the characteristics of each section. Among which, curves with small radius section part using driving simulation test method, established the set location model based on range of visibility, and put forward high frequency power of the steering wheel angle coefficient as an evaluation index of driver’s operation load, and contrast experiment of three typical combinations of signs and markings were made to explore a better combination of signs and markings on freeway horizontal curves. In long slope alignment part, questionnaire were made to get the feedback from drivers, and combination setting scheme is presented further. In bridge and tunnel section part, signs and markings differed according to intervisibility of the tunnel, and the setting scheme was put forward. In freeway entrance and exit part, studies are mainly about markings of multi-lane freeway exit, and marking design parameter model was established based on driving behavior. Finally, the paper put forward an evaluation method of freeway signs and markings based on rationality theory, to test the consistency of the pactice effect of signs and markings and the objective of set-up, so that the problems like deceleration markings that setted too often or speed limit too low would decrease. Key Words: Special section, combination of signs and markings, wavelet theory, driving simulator, reliability theory. |
硕士论文