摘要 近年来，我国地震灾害频繁，对人类的生命财产造成了重大损失。道路交通系统在地震灾害应急救援中担负着重要作用，抢险救灾的成效与道路交通的通畅、安全以及运输效率有直接关系。震后快速选择应急救援路径，制定合理的交通保障措施，是保障生命线通畅的关键，但是震后灾区道路破坏严重，交通紊乱，因此，地震条件下灾区道路交通生命线应急通行安全管理技术研究至关重要。 本文依托“重大自然灾害下云南山区公路交通生命线应急保障决策支持系统与关键技术研究”课题（云南省交通运输厅科技项目），以道路交通生命线系统为研究对象，分别从震后应急救援车辆的通行环境、路径选择与调整、交通保障三方面展开分析。 首先，对交通生命线的研究对象和研究范围进行界定，给出了道路交通生命线系统的涵义。通过分析道路交通生命线安全管理的特征，提出了震后应急通行安全管理目标。 其次，通过对震后应急通行环境和路径选择的影响因素分析，建立基于行驶时间和行驶安全可靠度的应急救援路径选择模型，确定应急救援车辆的通行路径。并根据灾区应急通行的需求和道路通行环境的变化，给出震后应急通行路径动态调整依据。 再次，在总结归纳国内外地震灾害应急救援车辆应急通行的组织管理措施和方案基础上，并结合灾区道路设施条件和应急通行需求，提出适用于震后应急救援的交通组织措施、信息发布方式以及交通诱导方案，为震后应急救援队伍的通行提供交通保障措施。 最后，以云南保山市发生 7.0 级地震的应急救援为例，将地震灾害下道路交通生命线应急通行安全管理技术的研究成果运用于工程实践。 关键词：地震灾害，道路交通生命线，应急救援，最优路径选择，应急通行保障。 ABSTRACT In recent years, China's earthquake disasters caused significant damage on human life and property. Road transport system assumes significant role in earthquake disaster emergency relief, the effectiveness of disaster relief and smooth transport efficiency is directly related to road traffic. Quick select the emergency rescue path and formulate traffic assurance measures after the earthquake, is the key to protect the lifeline, But road suffered serious damage and traffic disturbance at the disaster area after the earthquake. Therefore, highway lifeline emergency access safety management technology research is vital at seismic conditions. This dissertation is based on the research of Emergency Security Support System and Key Technologies of Yunnan Mountainous Highway in Heavy Natural Disasters (supported by the department of transportation of Yunnan province). Traffic environment, route selection, route adjustment and traffic support of highway lifeline system emergency rescue are analyzed. Firstly, defining the research objects and scope of highway lifeline, lead to the definition of highway lifeline system. Paper proposes the post-earthquake emergency traffic safety management objectives by analyzing the traffic lifeline safety management features. Secondly, By analysis influence of traffic environment and route selection establish emergency rescue route choice model based on travel time and travel security reliability. According to the disaster emergency rescue demands and the road environment changes, given post-earthquake emergency road route dynamically adjusted basis. Thirdly, Based on existing research results about the earthquake disaster emergency rescue organization and management measures, and combined with disaster area road infrastructure and emergency traffic demands. Paper proposes traffic organization measures, information dissemination methods and traffic guidance program, which are applicable to post-earthquake emergency rescue. It provides transportation safeguard measures for post-earthquake emergency rescue. Finally, the research result of this dissertation is applied in project practice of emergency rescue of 7.0 earthquake in Yunnan Baoshan. Key Words: earthquake disasters, highway lifeline, emergency rescue, optimal path selection, emergency traffic safeguard measures. |
硕士论文