摘要 2015年底，我国高速公路通车里程已超过12万公里，高速公路事故多发，且多为群死群伤的重大交通事故，同时，冬季高速公路事故率明显高于非冬季，据统计，高速公路在冬季环境下的月平均事故次数高于非冬季23%，月平均事故死亡人数高于非冬季20%。冬季环境的高速公路运营安全已成为我国道路安全面临的重要问题，基于这一背景，本课题开展高速公路冬季环境下路面运营风险评估研究。 课题首先基于行车稳定条件和碰撞风险，分别建立了自由行驶状态、换车道行驶状态和跟车行驶状态下的安全限制条件，根据安全限制条件得到了不同行驶状态的风险函数。经过对风险函数的分析，获得了不同车辆行驶状态下的安全影响因素，从安全影响因素中提取了路面运营风险评估模型的基础指标。 其次，为深入研究路面环境因素对结冰路面摩擦系数的影响，课题利用恶劣气象交通模拟试验箱在不同材料的路面上凝冰，用摆式摩擦系数测定仪测量了不同温湿度条件下结冰路面的摩擦系数，通过实验数据的分析，得出了不同材料的结冰路面基于路面温度的路面摩擦系数预测模型。 再次，分析获得的路面运营风险评估模型基础指标，确定了模型的最终评估指标，在完成了指标的预处理后，提出新的风险权重计算方法，即首先给每个指标代表值一个相同比例增量，利用不同车辆行驶状态风险函数，计算每个指标增量引起的风险增量，通过风险增量确定指标权重，从而建立冬季环境路面运营风险评估模型，并通过实例对该模型进行了验证。 再次，总结了已有的冬季高速公路路面处置措施，研究了融雪剂的融雪效率随路面温度、相对湿度和路面坡度等因素的变化规律，确定了每种措施的适用条件。基于冬季高速公路不同的路面温度、相对湿度和路面状态组合，给出了相应的处置对策。 最后，对研究成果进行总结，指出研究过程中的不足之处，并对今后的研究方向进行展望。 关键词：高速公路路面，冬季环境，摩擦系数，风险评估模型。 ABSTRACT At the end of 2015, China has more than 120,000 km freeway traffic mileage, the freeway accidents, especially for group die and injury ones, are of frequent occurrence. According to statistics, the accident rate of winter environment in freeway is significantly higher than the other seasons, to the monthly average, the freeway accidents number of winter is 23% higher than the other seasons, while the number of death is 20% higher. Safety of freeway operation in winter has become an important problem in china, based on this background, this research aimed at risk assessment of freeway pavement operation in winter environment. Firstly, based on the driving stability conditions and the risk of collision, respectively established the security constraints of free driving state, changing lane and car-following state, according to different driving state security constraints, the risk function were established. Through the analysis of the risk function, obtained the safety factors of different driving conditions, then extracted the indicators of pavement operational risk assessment model.from the safety factors. Secondly, for further research on the influence of icy road surface friction of road environment factors, using the adverse road weather simulation laboratory, measured the friction coefficient under different temperature and humidity conditions, through the analysis of experimental data, the surface friction coefficient prediction model of icy road surface of different materials is obtained based on temperature of road surface. Thirdly, determined the final evaluation index of the model from the basic index, after the pretreatment of the indicators, gave each index a same value increment, calculate risk increment through the discriminant function, and ascertain the weight of different indicators. The freeway pavement winter operating risk assessment model has been already established, then the model is verified by instance. Then, Summarized and organized the existing treatment measures of freeway pavement in winter, including mechanical method, chemical method and spraying materials method, focused on the efficiency of sodium chloride in melting snow affected by factors such as temperature, relative humidity and the road slope. Based on different combination of pavement temperature, relative humidity and surface state types, recommend the winter highway road surface disposal countermeasures. Finally, summarized research results, pointed out the deficiency of research process, and forecasted the future research direction. Key Words: freeway pavement, winter environment, friction coefficient，risk assessment model. |
硕士论文