高速公路交通安全防护设施防护能力评价研究

研究生：郑挺

指导教师：杨轸副研究员

二零一五年六月

高速公路交通安全防护设施防护能力与防护需求不匹配的问题是防护设施设计上的主要问题之一，一方面由于防护能力过剩而导致经济浪费，另一方面若防护能力不足则会埋下安全隐患。本文通篇围绕防护设计均衡这一主题进行了深入研究，特别是对防护需求能力的构建。

首先，本文在调研分析广州市机场高速和南沙港快速事故资料的基础上，得出了小客车和大货车事故概率高，高路基路段事故概率高事故严重程度高，路侧护栏事故比例大等结论。

接着，本文对安全防护设施的防护评价方法进行了探究。从人体防护与车辆防护两个角度出发了，提出了人体各部位的安全防护指标及其耐受极限和车辆防护的安全评价指标，同时对防护指标的具体获取的方法和途径进行了介绍。

防护需求的建立是本文研究的核心和重点。其关键是对高速公路路段的碰撞能量需求的定量化计算。通过驾驶模拟软件UC-winRoad设计不同设计速度的紧急避让条件下的路侧护栏以及中央分隔带开口护栏的碰撞实验，基于Adams-Car建立前驱的整车模型，并计算相应的碰撞速度和碰撞角度。在此基础上，建立了不同设计速度紧急避让条件下的路侧护栏和中央分隔带开口护栏的碰撞角度函数预测模型和碰撞速度函数预测模型。为研究路侧护栏的设置条件，基于理想模型推导公式并定量计算了不设置路侧护栏的临界路侧安全净宽。

最后，本文在防护能力评价方法和防护需求建立的研究基础上，构建了安全防护设施防护能力评价的框架体系，提出了均衡设计的理念，并基于降低防护需求的思想提出了相应的安全防护措施。

关键词：防护评价指标、防护需求、碰撞角度、碰撞速度、路侧净宽、防护措施

ABSTRACT

The phenomenon  that the protective ability of safety protective facilities do not march the  protective demand properly draws more attention on the security design of  highway. Excess protective ability leads to economic waste while insufficient  leads to potential risk. Based on the balance of protective ability and the  protective demand, the article builds a certain model of the relationship  between those two aspects which includes the establishment of protection  demand.

According to  the analysis of the survey on accident record of Guangzhou Airport Highway  and Nansha Port Highway, it concludes that the accident rate of the car is  higher than the truck’s, and the roadside accident occur more often.

Based on those  facts, the article reconfigures the evaluation method of safety protective  facilities. Appropriate evaluation indexes and its limit of protecting human  body as well as vehicle have been put forward.

Toward on the  balance of protective ability and the protective demand, the article lays  emphasis on the construction of protective demand which focuses on the  calculation of collision energy. UC-winRoad has been applied to imitate the  roadside accident in ranked velocity. Model of drive system which was built  in Adams-Car is used to calculate collision velocity and collision angle.  Fitting with experiment results the article builds the prediction model of  velocity and angle of collision which happened among car, roadside rail and  medial strip in ranked vehicle speed. Critical value of safety roadside width  can also been calculated though the derivation formula.

Based on the  foundation of evaluation of protective ability as well as protective demand,  the article finally builds the frame of evaluating protective ability of  safety protective facilities which totally accords with the balances design  theory.

Key Words: protective evaluation index, protective demand, collision angle,  collision velocity, roadside width, protective measure