摘要 随着我国经济的快速发展，高速公路交通量的持续增长，早期兴建的高速公路扩建需求日显突出。经扩建后的高速公路车道数增加，交通流运行状况与事故情况呈现新的特性，故需要对多车道环境下的高速公路安全设计进行深入研究以提高安全服务水平。分合流区由于其复杂的运营环境以及相对较高的事故指标则成为关键研究对象，标志标线作为重要的交通工程设施，现有规范中的相关规定在多车道条件下的适应性还有待进一步研究。 论文针对多车道高速公路分合流区标志标线的安全设计开展了如下几部分的研究： 在国内正常运营的多车道高速公路互通立交分合流区进行现场调研，采集多车道高速公路标志标线的设置情况信息，研究现有的标志标线设计在多车道条件下的适应性。并采集区域内的交通流与驾驶行为信息，为后文的研究与实验提供依据。 以车辆变换车道过程为基础，利用交通流理论，根据调研总结的多车道高速公路交通流特征与驾驶员驾驶行为特征，计算得到不同车道数多车道高速公路AGS推荐设计方案。以车辆变换车道过程为基础，分析多车道高速公路分合流区的交通冲突特点，计算得到在出入口区域适当位置选用白色虚实线作为车道分界线时的设计参数推荐值。 设计多车道高速公路AGS设置位置驾驶模拟实验，分别根据规范规定值与理论推荐值建立场景进行实验，以检验理论计算结果的效果。实验人员按照驾驶技术分为熟练、生疏两类，利用UC-Win/Road驾驶模拟系统与Dikablis眼动追踪系统，记录驾驶员的驾驶行为特征与眼动行为特征。 实验结果表明第三章提出的多车道高速公路AGS推荐设置方案可以促使驾驶员提前向外侧变换车道准备驶离高速公路的行动，这一影响对驾龄较短的驾驶员更为明显，使驾驶员可以更从容地通过多高速公路出口区域，提升了该区域的安全性。实验结果还验证了第三章中提出的多车道高速公路标线设计方案的合理性，并在方案的基础上进行了改进。最终提出了双向六车道与双向八车道高速公路出口区域标志标线的综合设计推荐方案。 最后，论文对研究成果进行了总结，指出了不足之处，对今后的研究方向进行了展望。 关键词：多车道高速公路，分合流区，标志标线，安全设计,驾驶模拟。 ABSTRACT With the rapid development of China's economy, traffic volume of freeways continues to grow, the demand to extend early constructed freeways increases prominently. After the expansion, the number of the lanes of the freeway is increased, the conditions and circumstances of traffic flow as well as the accidents also show new characteristics. Therefore, it is necessary to study the safety design of multilane freeway in order to improve the safety and service level of the freeways. The operating environment of the diversion and confluence areas is more complicated and accident index is relatively high, as the important traffic engineering facilities, the adaptability of the regulations of signs and markings in the existing norms under the condition of multilane freeways remains to be further studied. The article carries out the research as follows aiming at the safety design of the multilane freeway signs and markings in the diversion and confluence areas: Writer investigated in the regularly operated multilane freeway interchange in order to acquire the setting information of multilane freeway signs and markings. The adaptability research of existing signs and markings design under the condition of multilane was carried. The traffic flow and the driving behavior information in the region were also collected, which provides the basis for the research and experiment of the paper. Taking the process of vehicle lane changing behavior as the basis, using the traffic flow theory and vehicle lane changing safety model, studying the features of traffic conflicts in the multilane freeway diversion and confluence areas, the AGS design scheme and white solid and dotted line marking design scheme were recommended. The driving simulation experiment was designed based on the position of multilane freeway AGS, according to the standard value as well as the theoretical recommended value, in order to test the theoretical calculation. The experimental personnel were divided into skilled and inexperienced drivers according to the drivers’ technique. UC-Win/Road driving simulation system and Dikablis eye tracking system were used, and the drivers’ driving behavior characteristics and eye movement behavior characteristics were recorded. The experimental results showed that the multilane highway AGS, the recommended setting scheme of multilane freeway AGS can impel drivers to advance the action of changing lanes ahead of the exit ramp when deciding to leave the freeway. Compared with skilled drivers, the influence is more obvious on the inexperienced drivers, which means the drivers can go through the freeway exit area more easily, and the traffic safety of the region can be enhanced. Results of the experiment verified the rationality of the multilane highway marking design scheme proposed in the third chapter, and improved the scheme. Finally, the recommended design scheme of signs and markings in two-way six lane freeway and two-way eight lane freeway exit areas were put forward At last, the research results were summarized, and the disadvantages were pointed out, and the future research directions were prospected. Key Words: Multilane freeway, diversion and confluence areas, sign and marking, safety design, driving simulation. |
硕士论文