摘要 随着我国高速公路建设的迅猛发展和人民出行需求的日益增长，我国面临的交通事故问题与交通拥堵问题日趋严重，尤其是灾害性天气、交通事件等灾变事件对高速公路的安全与畅通造成了巨大的影响。为改善高速公路在事件状态下的安全性与畅通性，本文从提高高速公路管控技术出发，将移动式信息检测技术与先进的预警管理理念相结合，提出了移动预警系统的新概念。全文围绕移动预警系统的建设，从系统建设的指导思想，系统结构的规划设计，系统运行的核心模型和系统开发的关键技术四个方面开展了一系列研究。第二章在充分分析灾变事件和预警管理的概念与内涵的基础上，总结相关研究成果，建立了面向灾变事件的高速公路预警管理体系。体系的建立包含灾变事件的预警管理内涵、预警分析框架和预控管理模式三项子内容，相应提出了基于态势感知理论的灾变事件预警分析框架，认为灾变事件下的态势预警分析应按事件本体态势和交通整体态势两条主线进行态势感知。第三章介绍了移动预警系统的概念形成与内涵，提出了系统建设的三步走战略，同时规划了系统总体网络拓扑结构、数据传递层次结构和总体逻辑框架内容。在明确移动预警车载系统功能的基础上，设计了移动预警车载系统的总体结构和传感器组成。第四章根据事件影响下的交通流状态分析和风险分析理论，分别建立了连续交通流运行风险评估方法和受限交通流运行风险评估方法，连续交通流运行风险评估指标选用路段自由行驶风险与路段跟车行驶风险，受限交通流运行风险评估指标选用安全过载流量比。进一步分析了移动预警系统的运行流程。第五章在数据采集技术方面，制定了数据采集的内容标准和频率标准，提出了基于毫米波雷达的交通流特征参数获取方法，该方法解决了车载应用下的交通流参数检测问题。在数据库技术方面，分析了适合于车载应用的 GIS 数据库的构建思路，提出了适合于预警分析的路段划分方法以及相应的路网模型创建方法，并针对路网简易性特点给出了“邻域搜索+方位判别”的 GPS 路段识别简便方法，从整体上设计了数据库的框架结构。最后，对全文研究成果进行了总结，并且指出了不足之处，对今后的研究方向进行了展望。 关键词：高速公路，事件，移动，预警，交通流风险，毫米波雷达。 ABSTRACT With the fast development of national freeway construction and the rapid growth of people’s travelling demand, traffic accidents issues and traffic congestion problems became more and more serious in China, especially severe weather, traffic incidents and other catastrophic events caused a huge impact on traffic safety and smooth flow of freeway. In order to improve the safety and efficiency of freeway under events, this article intended to improve freeway control technology, by combining the mobile information detection technology and advanced early-warning management concept and proposing a new concept of Mobile Early-warning System accordingly. Full text studied on the construction method of Mobile Early-warning System, including the guiding ideology of system construction, planning and design of the system architecture, the core model of system running and the key technologies of system development. Based on full analysis of concept and meaning of catastrophic events and early-warning management, and on the summary of related research results, the setup for freeway early-warning management under catastrophic event was established. The setup contained early-warning management connotation under catastrophic event, early-warning analysis framework and pre-control model. Then the concept formation and concept connotation of Mobile Early-warning System were introduced, and three-step strategy for the system construction was proposed, while, the system overall network topology structure, data tranfer hierarchy structure and overall logical framework structure were planned. Based on ascertaining the functions of Mobile Early-warning Vehicle System, which overall structure and sensor constitution were designed. According to affected traffic flow analysis under events and risk analysis theory, a continuous traffic flow risk assessment method and a limited traffic flow risk assessment method were built. As for evalustion indicators, the continuous traffic flow risk assessment method selected section-free-driving-risk and section-car-following-risk, and the limited traffic flow risk assessment method chosen safety-overload-flow-ratio. The system operation flow was drafted futher. In terms of data collection technology, data content standard and data frequency standard were developed, and a method to obtain traffic flow characteristic parameters by millimeter-wave radar was proposed, which solving the problem of detecting traffic flow parameters in vehicle application. As for database technology, construction ideas of GIS database suitable for vehicle applications were analyzed, a road segmentation method suitable for early-warning analysis and a corresponding GIS network model creation method were proposed, then a GPS section identification method named “neighborhood searching and orientation discrimination” for the network model was given, futher the frame stucture of the GIS database was designed. Finally, the research results were summarized and some shortcomings were pointed out, then the future research directions were discussed. Key Words: freeway, event, mobile, early-warning, traffic risk, millimeter-wave radar. |
硕士论文