摘要 近年来，我国经济处于腾飞阶段，高速公路交通量的也不断激增，前期建设的高速公路基本上都是双向4车道，使得越来越难以满足自已增长的交通需求。近些年中东部地区开始扩建后的高速公路，也有一部分地区在起始规划高速公路时就采用超多车道的方案，因此有必要对此类高速公路进行研究。本文是“多车道高速公路互通立交安全设计与接入管理关键技术研究”（山东交通厅科技项目）所辖子课题，从前期设计到后期运营进行研究，本文主要对多车道高速公路交织区的安全设计与后期的运营评价进行研究。 本文从交织区类型、道路条件和交通状况等方面，分析了交织区运行的影响因素；归纳概括了国内外关于交织区类型的分类方法，本文基于交织车流最小换道次数所占用交织区车道的个数结合交织区自身几何特征，提出了适用于本文研究的交织区类型分类办法。运用MC气压管检测器和视频手段采集高速公路交织区交通流基础数据并分析了交织区不同路段上车流的车头间隙规律与速度分布曲线。 利用VISSIM 软件进行交织区运行仿真研究，通过验证VISSIM是否适用于交织区仿真和仿真验证，搭建较为符合交织区的仿真模型；根据调研数据建立试验方案，采集仿真数据并与实测数据进行对比分析，验证了VISSIM模拟交织区的可行性。选定交织区密度作为设计指标，设计不同流量、不同长度下3车道与5车道交织区实验，结合我国关于交织区设计所需满足服务水平的条件，设定不同流量下交织区的最小长度；运用美国HCM 2010中交织区服务水平计算方法模型验证方法可行。 引入行车风险对交织区运营进行评价，分析了跟驰、换道两大微观交通流特性，研究目前已有跟驰模型、换道模型，提出基于前后车位置关系和减速度临界值的风险划分方法；根据变换车道轨迹模型中的几何关系，将单车换道风险与跟驰风险联系起来；提出了交织区长度限制下的换道风险，用交织区长度作为约束条件，提出交织区长度限制下的换道风险计算方法。 最后，论文对研究成果进行了总结，指出了研究过程中的不足之处，展望该课题下的研究方向。 关键词：多车道高速公路，交织区，VISSIM，行车风险。 ABSTRACT With the quick development of our economy and continuing increase of freeway traffic volume, early-constructed freeways can not meet the growing traffic demand. In the mid-eastern China, freeways expanded recently and new freeways are 8 or 10 lanes multilane, therefore it is necessary to study on this type of freeway. This thesis is a subtopic of "Research on the key technology of multilane freeway safety design of interchange and access management " (a Shandong Communications Department science and technology program). This article mainly research the safety design and late operation evaluation of the weaving section. The effect factors on weaving segment status including the weaving segment’s types, road conditions, traffic conditions are analyzed. Through summarizing the di-viding method of weaving segment types at home and abroad, according to the mixed traffic flow to take up the mainline lane conditions and geometric features, classification methods of weaving segment type are put forward. By means of MetroCount and shooting video, based data of weaving section traffic flow is collected. Headway and speed in different sections distribution of weaving section are analyzed. The simulation of applying the VISSIM to the weaving area is researched through constructing model. Testing scheme is established according to the survey data and the comparison data of the simulation data and experimental verify the feasibility of VISSIM simulation weaving section. As the paper selected the density as design index, 3 lanes and 5 lanes weaving section experiment under different flow rate and the length were designed to collect the density. According to the design of our country about weaving section needed to meet the conditions of the service level, set the weaving section under different flow minimum length. Using the HCM 2010 service level method of weaving section to calculate the model validation method is feasible. Traffic flow characteristics analysis of the lane changing and car following performance. Risk classification method was present based on car position relationship and reducing speed. According to geometric relations in lane-changing, the single car lane-changing risk associated with the following risk. Using weaving section length as constraint conditions, and puts forward lane changing risk calculation method under the length limitation. Finally, a summary of the research was made to point out the inadequacies of the research and prospects of future direction of study. Key Words: Multilane freeway, length of weaving section, VISSIM, traffic safety control devices. |
硕士论文