摘要 随着我国经济的快速发展，高速公路交通量的持续增长，很多高速公路因承受过多的工作负荷而提前破损和老化，因而都进入了大规模的维修养护阶段。高速公路占道施工使车辆运行环境更加复杂，在一定程度上造成路段通行能力下降，还容易引发交通事故，存在严重的安全隐患。为了保证我国高速公路维修养护工程的顺利进行，提高养护作业区的安全水平，减少交通事故的发生，本文基于仿真手段和交通冲突技术针对高速公路养护作业区开展了一些研究，主要包括以下几部分： 基于国内外的研究成果和高速公路养护作业区现场调研数据，对作业区交通特性及安全问题进行系统分析，提出将交通冲突技术和仿真手段应用于高速公路养护作业区安全性研究并且分析了其必要性和有效性，同时分析了高速公路作业区交通冲突的影响因素。 针对于普通路段和特定路段养护作业区研究的侧重点不同，选用了不同的仿真软件。对于普通路段选用 VISSIM 和 SSAM 仿真软件进行交通流仿真，并提出了多指标表征的冲突危险度指数，建立了当量交通冲突数的换算方法；对于特定养护路段选用 UC-WinRoad 进行驾驶员模拟驾驶，分析了不同路段单车冲突的差异性及产生的原因，建立了各个实验路段的模拟驾驶安全性能曲线。 选用广义回归神经网络进行高速公路养护作业区当量交通冲突总数的预测，通过 Matlab 建立了广义回归神经网络预测模型；确立平均车公里当量交通冲突数作为高速公路养护作业区评价指标，选用灰色聚类评价方法建立评价模型并加以应用。 建立基于交通冲突控制的高速公路养护作业区安全对策，提出相应的控制流程和控制标准，分析了养护作业区安全控制措施，提出了不同的控制方法，着重研究了高速公路养护作业区限速设计，并且加以工程实例应用。 最后，论文对研究成果进行了总结，指出了不足之处，对今后的研究方向进行了展望。 关键词：高速公路作业区，交通冲突，交通仿真，安全评价，安全对策。 ABSTRACT With the rapid growth of economic development and continuing increase ofhighway traffic volume, many highways is damaged and aged for bearing too much traffic load, therefore these highways have to enter the phase of large-scale maintenance. The roadway worksite makes the vehicle running environment complex and the capacity dropped where can cause more accident and be dangerous. In order to ensure the progress of highway maintenance, improve the safety level of the workzone and reduce the number of traffic accidents, the author carrys out the study on highway’s workzone based on the simulation method and the traffic conflict technique including the following sections: According to the document literature and the actual data, this paper analysis the traffic characteristics and safety problems. After proposed to apply the traffic conflict technique and the simulation method in the highway’s work zone safety study, which is necessary and effective, this paper analysis the the influence factors of the traffic conflict in highway’s workzone. Because research focus of the ordinary sections and the particular sections is different, the author chooses the different simulation software. In the study of the ordinary highway’s work zone, this paper proposes a multi-index characterizatized conflict risk index and establishes a conversion method about equivalent traffic conflict numbers after the traffic flow simulation by using VISSIM and SSAM software. Then, the UC-WinRoad software is used to do the simulation driving experiment in the study of the particular highway’s work zone. Based on the simulation driving experiment, the difference and cause of simulation driving conflicts in different particular highway’s work zone are analysised, and simulation driving safety performance curves of different particular highway’s work zone are established. A model based on general regression neural networks is established to predict the total equivalent traffic conflict numbers in the highway’s workzone by using the Matlab software. The average vehicle kilometres equivalent traffic conflict numbers is choosed to be the evaluation index and a evaluation model is established by using the gray cluster method and applied. A series of safety countermeasures are established, and a corresponding control flow and control standards are put forward. Then different control methods is proposed after some control measures in highway’s workzone is analysised, which is focused on the speed limit design in highway’s workzone. In addition the safety countermeasures is applied in a project. Finally, a summary of the research was made to point out the inadequacies of the research and prospects of future direction of study. Key Words: highway’s workzone, traffic conflict, traffic simulation, safety evaluation, safety countermeasure. |
硕士论文