摘要 随着我国经济的快速发展，高速公路交通量的持续增长，早期兴建的高速公路扩建需求日显突出。经扩建后的高速公路车道数增加，交通流运营风险与事故情况呈现新的特性，故需要对多车道环境下的高速公路安全设计及运营风险进行深入研究以降低运营风险、提高安全服务水平，而匝道出口区域由于其复杂的运营环境以及相对较高的事故指标则成为关键研究对象。 本文针对多车道高速公路匝道出口区域的安全设计及运营风险开展了如下几部分的研究： 根据实地调研的资料对多车道高速公路匝道出口区域的交通流运营风险特征进行了分析，并提出了适合多车道高速公路匝道出口区域的交通流运营风险评价方法。从控制交通流运营风险的角度，提出了跟车与换道驾驶行为风险的交通流控制标准。 从规避运营风险角度，对减速车道方式的选择及长度设计值的选取进行了探讨。利用UC Win/Road进行场景建模，并进行了室内驾驶模拟实验。继而提取了减速车道范围的车辆运行特征数据，并对驾驶行为进行了分析，构建了车辆减速特征模型，从而得到了减速车道的合理设计值，为减速车道的设计提出了建议。 对多车道匝道出口区域的安全控制设施设计方法进行了研究。指路标志设计研究部分采用理论计算的研究方法，得到了标志偏转角度设计推荐值、标志前置距离、重复次数与间距的设计推荐值，结合驾驶员信息需求特性，提出了标志信息选择的原则。标线设计研究部分对不同功能的标线分别进行了设计方法的探讨，并给出了三种典型出口下的标线设计方法。 最后，论文对研究成果进行了总结，指出了不足之处，对今后的研究方向进行了展望。 关键词：多车道高速公路，风险评价，减速车道，交通安全控制设施,风险控制。 ABSTRACT With the rapid growth of economic development and continuing increase of freeway traffic volume, the demand for the expansion of early-constructed freeways becomes obvious. It is necessary to make thorough study of freeway safety design and operational risk of multilane freeways to reduce risk and improve safety level of service. Naturally, off-ramp areas become key object of the study because of its complex operational environment and relatively high accident rate. The author carried out the study on safety design and operational risk evaluation techniques of multilane freeway off-ramp areas in aspects as following: Firstly, according to the actual traffic flow data, the paper proposed risk evaluation method for multilane freeway off-ramp areas combining existing method. From the point of controlling operational risk, the dissertation then proposed lane changing and car following performance control standard, combining with the existing traffic flow control method. The dissertation then discussed the design of the deceleration lane in aspect of circumventing operational risk. UC Win / Road was used to model the scene, and then indoor driving simulation was conducted. Operational data was extracted from the software, and then driving performance of the testers was analyzed, which resulted in a reasonable design value of the deceleration lane, and suggestions for modification of traditional deceleration model. The dissertation then illustrated the design method of traffic control devices in off-ramp areas of multilane freeways. In the part of sign designing, theoretical method was used to get the recommended deflection angle, prepositive length of advanced guide sign, repetitions and spacing length. Concerning characteristics of drivers’ information demand, the dissertation then brought up with principles of information collection. The author then studied the design method of road markings of different functions, and proposed the design method of road markings of three typical exits. Finally, a summary of the research was made to point out the inadequacies of the research and prospects of future direction of study. Key Words: Multilane freeway, risk evaluation, deceleration lane, traffic safety control devices, risk control. |
硕士论文