摘要 随着我国高速公路隧道数量的增多和规模的增大，以及近年来国内外重特大隧道事故频发，高速公路隧道（群）运营安全问题需要特别重视。由于高速公路隧道（群）运行环境的独特性，隧道内发生事故往往会引起灾难性的后果。因此，有必要对高速公路隧道（群）运行环境安全性问题进行研究。 高速公路隧道（群）运行环境安全性的研究方法，虽然在安全设计、事故预防等方面取得了较大的进展，但在研究方法及研究范围上仍有一定的局限性。近年来，随着信息技术和图像技术的飞速发展，运用虚拟现实（Virtual-Reality）视景仿真技术构建的虚拟交通仿真实验平台成为突破这一局限的有效研究手法。因此，有必要对基于视景仿真的高速公路隧道（群）运行环境安全研究方法进行详细介绍，找到一种提高高速公路隧道（群）运行环境安全性的有效方法。 首先，论文从高速公路隧道（群）路段的空间区域及其所包含的运行环境要素出发，将其划分为三个主要风险段，分别对隧道（群）进出口、洞内及隧道群间间隙的道路线形、标志视认性、照明、自然环境等运行环境特征及其对驾驶行车的风险性进行了一一阐述，并提出了进行风险安全性研究时所要模拟的影响因素。 与传统的道路安全性研究方法相比，基于视景仿真的高速公路隧道（群）运行环境安全性研究在研究目的及方法中有其自身的特点。论文第二部分从研究目的出发，分别介绍了研究方法中所涉及的资料调查、仿真视景制作、研究样本需求、研究数据采集与分析处理等问题。 最后，在高速公路隧道（群）运行环境风险性分析和基于视景仿真的高速公路隧道（群）运行环境安全性研究方法的分析基础上，根据运行环境风险性因素所涉及到的运行环境内容以及研究方法中对视景仿真的制作需求，对高速公路隧道（群）运行环境视景仿真软件底层开发设计进行了分析。 关键词：高速公路，隧道（群），行车风险，视景仿真。 ABSTRACT With the increase in the number and the size of freeway tunnels, as well as the frequent serious tunnel accidents at home and abroad in recent years, freeway tunnel(s) operation safety issues should be attached importance to. Due to the unique environment of the tunnel(s), the tunnel accidents often lead to disastrous consequences, it is therefore necessary to study traffic environment safety of the freeway tunnel(s). Now, the safety researches on traffic environment in freeway tunnel(s) have made great achievements on the safety design, accident prevention and so on. However, there are still some limitations on the scope and the methods of the research. In recent years as the rapid development of the information technology and imaging technology, virtual traffic simulation platform based on virtual reality visual simulation has become an effective practice to break through the limitations. Therefore, it is necessary to study the safety research method on traffic environment in freeway tunnel(s) based on visual simulation, so as to find an effective method to improve the security of the traffic environment in freeway tunnel(s). From the point of the region and the environment factors in freeway tunnel(s), the paper divides it into three risk segment. And the paper makes a detailed description of the traffic environment features and the risk of driving, such as road alignment, visibility signs, lighting, natural environment and so on, then the simulation factors used in the safety research on freeway tunnel(s) are put forward. Compared with the traditional research methods on road safety, the safety research traffic environment in freeway tunnel(s) based on visual simulation has its own characteristics on research purposes and methods. From the purpose of the research in the second part, the paper introduces some key issues involved in the research method, such as data collection, construction of the visual scenario, the study sample, the data collection and analysis and so on. Finally, based on the analysis of the risk of the traffic environment in freeway tunnel(s) and new safety research method, the paper makes a study on the underlying design of the visual simulation software, according to the factors in traffic environment and the requirements of visual simulation in the research method. Key Words: freeway, tunnel(s), driving risk, visual simulation. |
硕士论文