摘要 随着中国城市进程的加快，许多大城市的交通出现拥挤、堵塞问题。为缓解城市交通压力，许多城市开始规划、建设快速道路，以提高城市路网的服务水平。出入口区域作为快速路主线的“咽喉”，是快速路的事故多发区，并且是制约主线通行能力发挥的重要因素。为提高快速路的通行能力以及安全服务水平，本文对快速路出入口区域交通流特性以及安全设计技术开展了一些研究。 论文第二章对快速路的交通特点进行了描述，对快速路出入口区域的组成及出入口的组合类型进行了分析；并对不同出入口组合的最小间距组成进行了阐述。 第三章进行了变速车道长度设计。研究了主线外侧车道车头时距的分布函数，建立了匝道车辆汇入主线的概率模型，在此基础上进行了加速车道的长度计算；对车辆减速模型进行了回顾，提出了减速车道长度设置的原则，并应用二次减速理论进行了减速车道长度设计。 论文第四、五章分别对交织区的安全设计以及评价方法进行了探讨。第四章首先对影响交织区交通流运行的因素进行了分析，然后应用密度指标和试算法对交织区的长度进行了设计。第五章在回顾国内外交通冲突技术研究现状的基础上，应用微观仿真技术，构建了平均车公里冲突数作为交织区的安全评价指标，并建立了基于模糊理论的交织区安全评价模型。 论文第六章对出入口区域交通标志识别距离进行了计算，并根据不同出入口组合最小间距的组成要素，分别计算了各自的最小间距，给出了建议值。 最后，论文对研究成果进行了总结，指出了不足之处，对今后的研究方向进行了展望。 关键词：城市快速路，变速车道，交织区，出入口组合，最小间距。 ABSTRACT Along with the accelerated process of Chinese cities, the traffic congestion appeared in many major cities. To ease the pressure on urban transport , many cities began to develop and construct urban express roads to improve the level of road network service. As the "throat" of Urban Express Roads, Passageway area is a road accident-prone areas, and is the main factor which restrict the traffic capacity of urban expressway. In view of above, traffic stream characteristics and safety design method of passageway area are researched in this thesis. Chapter II describes the traffic characteristics of urban expressway and analyses the composition and type of on-ramp and off-ramp areas. Chapter III studies the headway distribution function of the outside lane on mainline, and then establishes the probability model of ramp vehicle merging into main line ,based on which the length of the acceleration lane is calculated; Then describes the vehicle deceleration model and proposes principles of deceleration lane length design, and calculates the length of the deceleration lane, using the secondary reduction theory . First, chapter IV analyzes the traffic characteristics of the weaving section, and then calculates the length of it with the parameter of density and trial method. On the basis of reviewing the traffic conflict theory at home and abroad, chapter V establishes the ATC as the index of the weaving section with the micro-simulation technique, and establishes the safety assessment model with the fuzzy theory. Chapter VI calculates the recognition distance of traffic sign, then analyzes the restrictive factors of the minimum interval of different passageway combinations, and gives their suggested values. Finally, the thesis summarizes the research results, and points out the shortcomings, then predicts the future research direction. Key Words: urban expressway，speed change lane，weaving section，combination of passageway，minimum interval. |
硕士论文