摘要 随着我国公路事业的迅速发展，交通安全问题显得日益突出。这些问题通常都是在公路营运过程中能被发现的，因此，在设计阶段制定并采取相应的措施提高公路设计安全性就显得尤为重要。在现行的公路设计方法中车速是线形设计的控制指标，而国外的研究已经证明，基于运行速度理念的公路线形设计方法能够解决公路线形设计中的安全问题。因此，有必要深入研究公路线形技术指标与运行速度之间的关系。 根据对运行速度和公路线形特征的实地调研，以线形技术指标沿公路纵向的变化为基础，提出了公路线形均衡性的概念，针对各项线形技术指标对运行速度的影响程度，从微观的角度构建了线形综合指标及计算模型，从宏观的角度构建了线形均衡性技术指标及计算模型。在此基础上，针对高速公路代表车辆的运行特点，研究在不同线形条件下车速变化规律以及公路线形均衡性技术指标与运行速度的变化关系，通过调研数据证明二者具有较好的相关性。 通过对运行速度概念的深入研究，认为公路上任一断面的运行速度都是由前后线形条件决定的，因此，根据前后线形条件对运行速度的影响，考虑车辆行驶的连续性及驾驶员的视觉需求，确定车辆行驶中前方100m至250m有效注视范围为前方线形对车速的影响范围；根据不同类型车辆的加减速性能，确定后方200m加减速长度范围为后方线形对车速的影响范围。通过对前后线形影响范围内公路线形均衡性技术指标与运行速度的相关性分析，构建适用于我国4~8车道的高速公路运行速度计算模型。 最后，依托已建的太旧高速公路对本文的研究成果进行了应用，分别计算了该公路的线形均衡性技术指标及其运行速度，并根据计算结果分析了相邻断面的运行速度差与事故率的关系，证明了相邻断面的运行速度差可以表征路段的行车安全性，从而拓宽了该模型的应用范围。 关键词：高速公路，线形，均衡性技术指标，运行速度，模型。 ABSTRACT With the rapid development of China's highways, traffic safety issues are becoming increasingly prominent. These security issues can only be found in the course of operation. Therefore, it is particularly important to take the appropriate measures to enhance the safety of highway in the design phase. Vehicle speed is the decisive standard specification under the current road alignment design method, Overseas studies yet have shown that highway alignment design method based on the concept of operation speed can solve the security problems in highway alignment design. Therefore, it is necessary to study in-depth the relationship between the highway alignment specification and operation speed. According to the field research of highway alignment characteristic and operation speed and based on the changes of highway alignment technical specification along the highway, this paper puts forward the concept of highway alignment balance and considering the impacts of various alignment specifications on operation speed, this paper constructs alignment integrated specification and calculation model from the perspective of micro-structure, constructs alignment balance technical specification and calculation from the perspective of macro-structure. On this basis, based on the operation characteristics of standing vehicles，this paper studied the characteristic of vehicle variation under the condition of alignment variation and the relationship between the alignment balance technical specification and operation speed’s variation, which shows a very good Correlation. It shows that, through in-depth study of the concept of running speed, vehicle’s operation speed on any cross-section is determined by the conditions before and after the highway alignment. Therefore, according to alignment impact on operation, taking into account the continuity of vehicles and the driver's visual needs, effective watching range of 100m to 200m in front of running vehicle is the range that affects the operation speed of vehicle. Depending on acceleration and deceleration performance of various types of vehicle, 200m distance for acceleration and deceleration behind the vehicle is the range that affects the operation speed. Through the correlation analysis between the alignment balance technical specification in Sphere of influence of alignment and operation speed, this paper built operation speed calculation model for 4~8-lane freeway. Finally, the results of this research has been applied on the constructed Taiyuan ~Jiuguan freeway, this paper computed the alignment balance technical specification and its relationship with operation. Based on the results of calculations, this paper analyzed the relationship between the speed differences of adjacent cross-sections and accident rate; shows that road traffic safety can be characterized by the adjacent section of the speed difference, Thus broadening the scope of application of the model. Key Words: freeway，highway alignment，balance technical specification，operation speed，model. |
硕士论文