摘要 目前，我国公路事业发展迅速，但也存在较为突出的交通安全问题。在公路设计阶段消除各种可能的安全隐患，制定和采取相应安全的公路设计策略尤为重要。车速是公路几何设计的控制技术指标，基于运行车速理念的公路线形设计理论与方法是解决公路安全设计问题的核心技术，也是公路安全设计的发展趋势。因此，有必要深入开展我国运行车速理论及其应用研究。 本文首先提出运行车速及其特征指标的概念，通过对辽宁省高速公路大量断面车速的数据观测和分析，针对断面车速分布特征进行了研究，采用分布假设检验方法确定了车速特征分布形式，运用统计学原理，根据车速频率分布及累积频率分布函数，提出运行车速特征指标及其量化方法。 在此基础上根据目前我国高速公路的运营安全状况，提出了高速公路线形安全性的评价方法，全面分析了运行车速与公路运营安全性两者之间的相互关系后，针对行车中车速的协调性和连续性需求，提出车速标准差、车速变异系数、客货差极差比、断面车速差、车速降低系数、路段车速离散度等指标；以运行车速特征指标及事故率分别作为道路线形设计安全性研究量化指标，通过分析两者之间的相关性，建立基于多项运行车速特征指标的高速公路线形设计安全性综合评价模型。 最后，依托已建太旧高速公路和拟建鹤大高速公路，对本文基于运行车速的高速公路线形安全性评价方法进行了应用。 关键词：高速公路；运行车速；运营安全；事故率；安全性评价模型。 ABSTRACT At present，the highways develop rapidly,but the traffic safety problems are still outstanding．It is very important to eliminate hidden dangers and take safety road design strategy．Speed is the key parameters of road geometry design．The alignment design and evaluation based on operating speed is all effective way to solve safety design problems and the development trend．Therefore，it is necessary to study deeply on operating speed theory and application． Firstly,the speed distribution character was studied through observations and data analysis．The speed distribution form was determined by distribution hypothesis tests．According to the statistical theory and the probability distribution cumulative function，the calculated method of speed characteristic index Was put forward． Then，based on the current security situation in the operation of the highway of our country,the division method of the section was determined．The standard deviation of speed，speed variation coefficient，range ratio of speed difference between cars and trucks，speed difference，speed reduction coefficient and speed dispersion were put forward based on the speed coordination and continuity demand．Taken the characteristic index of operating speed and accident ratio as the alignment design consistency evaluation and safety quantization index，the alignment design consistency comprehensive evaluation models were established through the relation analysis of the characteristic index．According to the actual situation，the safety service level Was determined and then the alignment design evaluation standards and methods were put forward． Finally,the research results of alignment design consistency evaluation were used in the Tai jiu and He da expressways． Key Words: expressway, operating speed，operation safety, accident rate，safety evaluation model. |
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