服务于运营安全管理的高速公路

交通参数检测方法研究

Research  on Expressway Traffic Parameter Detection Method for Operational Safety  Management

研究生：董  帅

指导教师：郭忠印教授

二○○九年三月

摘要

我国高速公路发展迅速，带来了巨大的经济与社会效益，服务水平大大提高，但运营过程中产生了严重的交通安全等问题；同时，随着科学技术的不断发展，各种先进的交通参数检测技术不断应用于交通监控和管理系统中，通过对道路上交通参数的采集，获得实时的交通流运行状态，从而服务于高速公路的运营安全管理。
     本文基于国内外交通流信息采集系统的研究现状，对目前交通参数采集方法中存在的若干问题进行了讨论。通过对高速公路路段交通流运行特征和交通流运营安全评价指标的分析，确定了高速公路基本路段和出入口区域交通参数的采集需求。然后介绍了各种常见的交通参数采集技术的工作原理，评比典型的交通检测器性能、适用条件、综合成本费用以及可提供的交通参数等。

由于在高速公路基本路段上，固定型检测器的空间布设密度对交通流特征参数的采集效果有显著影响，因此本文设计了基于区间平均车速估计和基于事件波模型的布设方法；针对高速公路出入口区域运行状态评价的关键参数需求，进行了相应的检测器布设。移动型检测器检测效果主要受到最小样本量的影响，本文仅对已有的研究成果进行了总结。

最后，论文对检测器的组合优化问题进行了研究，分析了高速公路上常见的几种检测器组合方案的优缺点及适用条件，同时对检测器选择的评判指标和具体安装问题进行了分析。

关键词：交通参数采集，检测技术，空间间距，最小样本量，组合优化

ABSTRACT

Although it brings enormous economic profits, and the level of service improves daily, the management and operation Of the highway system reveal some serious safety problems. As the modern technology develops, some advanced testing technology of the traffic information have been used into the traffic surveillance and control system. By collecting the data of the actual traffic flow on the highway, the actual operation state of the traffic can be supervised so as to guarantee the safety of the highway system. 

Based the current research in traffic parameters collecting system of the traffic flow, this paper discussed the problems which exist in the current methods. The analysis of the characteristics of the traffic flow and the indicators of the operation safety measures of the traffic flow ensure the basic needs of the data collection on both the basic and the entrances & exits of the highway. Then analyze and introduce the axioms of the data collection methods used nowadays, and compare the typical detectors, conditions, general costs and the parameters of the traffic flow so as to find out the best way of supervising the highway operation. 

Because the prominent influence of the fixed detectors on the data collecting of the traffic flow, this paper uses the setting up methods based on the average speed of the highway and the incident wave model, in the mean while, relevantly setup the detectors on the key areas where need to be specified. The effect of the floating detectors is usually influenced by the minimum samples, so this paper summarizes the existing research methods. 

At last, this paper studies on the optimization of the detectors, by analyzing the normally used methods on the highway, then evaluate and discuss the index of the detector choosing and fixing problems.

Keywords：Traffic Parameters Detector，Detection Technology，Space Collocation Minimum Samples，Combination Optimization