摘要 随着我国高速公路的发展，在山地和丘陵地区出现了越来越多的隧道，其中一部分属于长大隧道或隧道群。隧道特殊的地理环境导致隧道的线形比较复杂；而且隧道由于其密封性，转向不易，若有事故发生，往往成为路网的瓶颈；另外由于隧道的特殊性，受光线、通风、灾害性天气的影响较大，使得隧道成为路网运营安全的关键控制区域。 公路信息采集系统和信息发布系统的应用，可以有效提高道路的运营效率和运营安全，但对于隧道和隧道群信息采集和信息发布系统，研究较少，信息发布有时难以满足道路用户需求，因而，有必要对隧道（群）的信息需求做出研究，综合利用各种信息采集和发布设施，提高隧道（群）的运营安全和运行效率。 论文首先根据隧道对道路用户的影响，提出了隧道群的定义，并通过交通调查，重点对隧道群段的行车特性和安全性进行了分析。然后从隧道运营安全的信息需求出发，从交通、天气、环境、驾驶员角度研究隧道（群）段不同于普通路段的用户信息需求。 其次，论文综合分析各种信息采集和信息发布设施，根据运营安全信息需求，研究几种典型信息采集设施和信息发布设施在隧道（群）段的布设方法。 再次，论文研究在各种环境下，隧道（群）运营安全管理对策，分为隧道群整体管理和隧道群内分段管理两方面。其中，隧道群整体控制分为正常运营阶段管理和事件管理两方面。正常运营阶段论文主要研究隧道（群）的可变限速措施；事件管理方面，论文分别研究交通事故、灾害性天气、火灾情况下的诱导措施和运营安全管理对策。隧道群内分段管理对事故时隧道群内的交通流特性做了详细论述，并提出交通控制的方法。 最后，通过对江西景婺高速公路的信息采集设施和信息发布设施进行选择和布设，验证设施的有效性。 关键词：隧道，隧道群，信息需求，信息采集，信息发布，运营安全。 ABSTRACT With the development of the expressway, more and more tunnels are built in the rolling and hilly districts, some of which were long tunnels and tunnel groups. Line shape of the tunnels is caused to be complex for the special geographical environment. Moreover, because of the obturation and not easy to change the directions, the tunnels are always considered to be the choke point of the network in case of accident. In addition to the specialty of the tunnels is greatly effected by rays of light, ventilation and disastrous weather, the tunnels are made to be the key point of the operating safety controlling. For lower efficiency of the collection equipment and application of the expressway information collection system and the information release system, traffic efficiency and operating safety can be raised. While there are fewer researches on the tunnel information collection system and the information release system, information releasing cannot sometimes meet the needs of the expressway clients. Therefore researches should be done on tunnel (group) information demanding, make full use of variety kinds of information collecting and releasing equipment , and increase operating safety and efficiency of tunnel (group). Firstly, definition of the tunnel (group) is given by this paper, according to the effect on expressway users by tunnel. With the tunnel operating safety’s demand of information, research on information demanding of tunnel (group), which is different from that of section is done from angles of traffic, weather, environment and driver. And by traffic investigation, velocity property and safety is the focal point of the analysis. Secondly, analysis by synthesis is based on information collecting and releasing equipment in the paper. According to operating safety’s demand of information, several classic layout means on information collecting and releasing equipment in tunnel (group) section. Thirdly, tunnel (group) operating safety management strategy in different environments is worked of two aspects in the paper, one is management in normal operating step and the other is incident management. The normal operating step in the paper mainly include alternative speed-restrict step of tunnel (group). And inducement and controlling during traffic accident, disastrous weather and fire accident is in the aspect of incident management in the paper. Lastly, efficiency of the equipment is proved by selection and layout of information collecting and releasing equipment in Jing-wu Expressway in Jiangxi Province. |
硕士论文