摘要 在导致山区公路交通事故严重性的诸多因素中，连续的长下坡路段是一个十分重要的原因，是因为货车在连续长下坡路段行驶时需要连续实施行车制动，长时间的连续制动使得制动器温度上升，容易出现“热衰退”现象，导致制动效能迅速降低，甚至完全丧失，发生刹车失灵货车失控的严重事故。 在解决连续长下坡路段刹车失灵货车安全问题时，避险车道的设置是最常用且最有效的工程措施，这一措施在国外得到了深入研究和广泛应用，并形成了成熟的规范和标准。在国内，避险车道在许多山区公路已得到应用，但至今未有系统的研究，缺乏相应的技术标准和规范。 国内避险车道存在设置位置不合理、制动床长度不足，缺乏减速消能设施、避险车道与主线交角过大、制动床坡度过陡、避险车道标志设置不合理等主要问题，论文在参考国内外避险车道的研究成果和对部分避险车道实地调研的基础上对对避险车道的设置原则、设置位置、避险车道的制动床长度、避险车道的平面和纵面设计、避险车道的标志标线的布设方法进行研究分析，并初步得出了结论。 关键词：长下坡，避险车道，制动床，交通安全标志。 ABSTRACT Among the factors resulting in the severity of traffic accidents happened in the mountainous areas, long and steep downgrades is one of the critical factors. On severe grades, gearing down and using brakes plus the retarding power of the engine are sometimes insufficient to hold vehicles in check. Thus, the problem of runaway trucks stems generally from brake failures, which can arise from a variety of causes. Defective or incorrectly adjusted braking systems on tractors or trailers, driver inexperience with equipment or unfamiliarity with local conditions, and the lack of or unwarranted reliance on retarder systems can all contribute to brake overheating and failure. The resulting inability of drivers to control vehicle speeds on downgrades is frequently costly. The TER (truck escape ramp) is one of the most frequently used mechanisms, and in particular, the most effective application for stopping runaway trucks in continuous long and steep downgrade. It’s deeply studied in other counties and very widely used. At present, TERs have been applied in mountainous areas of China, however, there is still short of general study and no technical criterion has been drawn as yet. Based on the inspects and shortcomings of the existing TERs at home, this paper makes a good research of the principle, the location, the designing and traffic safety signs of a TER or constructing a TER and get some useful conclusions Key Words: Long and Steep Downgrades , Truck Escape Ramp, Arrester Bed, Traffic Safety Sign. |
硕士论文