摘要 国外的研究表明，由于隧道内受环境影响较小，隧道内的事故率一般低于正常路段，但在我国，统计资料表明很多隧道路段却成为事故的高发点。而从事故的分布特点来看，隧道事故一般集中于隧道的进出口过渡区域。 本文依托沪蓉西高速公路和西部项目“隧道进出口运行安全研究”，在对国内外有关隧道运营安全的研究总结的基础上，结合事故统计资料，分析了隧道进出口运营安全的影响因素。 采用三轴加速度仪、雷达枪、心率仪和照度仪等进行实地调研和实验，根据隧道进出口亮度过渡特征，建立了隧道进出口照明过渡安全性评价模型，并提出了评价标准。通过引用他人的线形过渡评价模型和标准，提出了隧道进出口线形设计标准。通过行车动力学分析，提出了隧道进出口路面摩擦系数标准和特殊天气条件下的车速控制标准。 根据对隧道进出口运营安全性影响因素的分析和过渡安全性评价，针对性地提出了隧道进出口运营安全保障措施，并采用理论分析和实践经验相结合的方式，论证了措施的有效性。 最后，将部分安全保障措施应用于沪蓉西高速公路隧道工程，并对进一步的研究方向做了简要的说明。 关键词：隧道进出口，安全性评价，指标，标准，安全保障措施。 ABSTRACT According to foreign researches, the accident rate of inside tunnel is lower than that of common sections of highways, due to less environmental influences. Contrarily, however, according to domestic statistical data, tunnels in China are among those sections with rather high rate of traffic accidents, which usually locate the transitional part of the tunnel, concerning the accident distribution. Based on the west freeway connecting Shanghai and Chengdu and the project of west part of China -“Safety Research about the Tunnel Entrance”, as well as the relating summarizations about the safe operation of tunnel of both domestic and foreign countries, together with collected accident data, the factors affecting the safe operation of tunnel’s transitional section are discussed in this paper. By the use of trial-axial acceleration meter, radar speed meter, cardio tachometer, and illuminometer, the safety evaluation model of transitional section of tunnel entrance concerning its illumination is created, and relating indexes are proposed in this paper; by the quotation of existing models and indexes toward the alignment transition, the criterion of alignment design of tunnel entrance is also raised. Additionally, by the dynamic analysis of traveling, the criterions of friction coefficient of pavement of tunnel entrance and control of speed under special weather condition are proposed. According to the analysis of the factors about the safe operation of tunnel entrance and evaluation of transitional safety, safety-guarantee measures aimed at enhancing safety of tunnel entrance are suggested, the by the combination of theoretical and empirical method, the effectiveness of those measures are also discussed. Finally, some safety-guarantee measures are applied in the tunnel project of west Shanghai-Chengdu freeway, and a brief instruction of further study is concluded in this paper. Key Words: Tunnel Entrance, Evaluation of Safety, Index, Criterion, Safety-Guarantee Measure. |
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