摘要 近年来，灾害性天气所引发的道路安全问题越来越受到世界各国的关注。如何通过建立和实施合适的对策，预防灾害性天气下事故的发生，减轻事故的严重程度已成为一项紧迫而重要的工作。 论文结合气象学与交通工程学知识，首先对影响道路安全的灾害性天气进行了分类，提出了灾害性天气设计频率的计算方法，并以上海地区为例进行了计算。然后分析了天气气象条件与高速公路事故之间的关系，确定了灾害性天气下的事故特点。运用车辆动力学理论，论文研究了车辆的微观运行特征，推导了保障各类灾害性天气下高速公路单车和交通流行驶安全性的车速模型，在模型参数的选取中充分考虑了天气变化对驾驶员产生的心理和生理影响。最后就限速措施在实际工程中的应用进行了说明。 论文考虑了天气条件对道路系统中人、车、路三方面的影响，确定了各类灾害性天气下的安全运行车速，为灾害性天气高速公路安全管理提供了有力的理论支持。 关键词：灾害性天气，高速公路安全，安全运行车速。 ABSTRACT In recent years, road safety under adverse weather has received more and more people’s attention all over the world. How to prevent the occurrence of accidents under adverse weather and relief their severity through establishing and implementing appropriate measures has already become an urgent and important work. In the paper, with meteorology and traffic engineering knowledge applied, adverse weather was classified according to their different influence on road safety and the method to determine their frequency was put forward by taking Shanghai area as an example. Then, the relation between the weather condition and expressway accidents was analyzed. And the accident characteristics under adverse weather were confirmed. Then utilizing the vehicles kinetic theory, the paper studied the feature of vehicle micro-movements and set up the expressway safe speed models under each kind of adverse weather from the terms of a single car and travel flows. The influence of weather on driver’s psychology and the physiology was fully considered in the selection of model parameters. Finally, the implementation of speed limit measure in actual project was explained. The paper considered the impact of adverse weather on road, vehicle and people which are three aspects in road system. On the basis of that, safe operation speed under all kinds of adverse weather was formulated, which offered effective theoretical support for expressway adverse weather safety management. Key Words: Adverse Weather, Expressway Safety, Safe Operation Speed. |
硕士论文