摘要 我国道路交通的安全问题由于其严重程度的加剧正越来越受到人们的关注，因此，对于道路安全的研究非常必要。事故统计方法和交通冲突方法是现在应用较多的道路安全方法，但这两种方法都存在着一定的不足。鉴于此，本文提出了一种基于交通仿真的道路安全评价方法。 本文首先提出了交通仿真这种道路安全研究方法并介绍了应用交通仿真试验方法进行道路安全评价的基本过程，并对国内外已有的一些交通仿真模型和仿真软件进行了综述和评价，重点介绍了德国的VISSIM交通仿真软件。然后，在回顾已有道路安全指标的基础之上，提出了安全指标FDE和FX用以进行道路安全性评价，并基于FX对道路安全进行了分级。最后，应用交通仿真试验的方法对高速公路基本路段的行车安全性和雾、雨灾害性天气下道路安全运营车速的安全性进行了相关研究。 基于交通仿真的道路安全评价方法是以交通仿真模型为基础的，在缺乏道路事故资料和交通道路调查不可操作性的情况下，它同样可以达到安全性研究的目的，因此它还是对传统道路安全评价方法的一种补充和提高。 关键词：道路安全，交通仿真，安全评价，灾害性天气。 ABSTRACT With the problem of Road Safety becoming more and more serious in China, people now pay more attention to the problem and it is very necessary to do more research on Road Safety. Statistic of accidents and Traffic Conflict Technique are two usual methods of Road Safety appraisal, but each method has its shortage. Therefore, this paper brings forward a new method of Road Safety appraisal basing on traffic simulation. First, the paper brings forward the new method of Road Safety appraisal and introduces the process of the application of traffic simulation to Road Safety appraisal, besides this, the paper summarizes some existing traffic simulation models and especially recommends the traffic simulation mode——VISSIM, which is made by German. Second, after reviewing the existing road safety indicators, two new safety indicators, FDE and FX, are raised to evaluate the road safety. Third, by the application of traffic simulation testing, the paper does research on the road safety of the basic sections of the highway and the safety speed in disastrous weather such as fog and rain. This new method of Road Safety appraisal base on traffic simulation models, so when there is lack of traffic accidents or traffic investigation cannot be operational, it can also achieve the same purposes of safety research. It can complement and enhance for the traditional methods of road safety appraisal. Key Words: road safety, traffic simulation, safety appraisal, disaster weather. |
硕士论文