公路几何线形与道路安全性关系的研究

Study  on the Relationship between Highway Geometry

And  Road Safety

研究生：梁夏

指导教师：郭忠印教授

二○○二年四月

摘要

道路交通事故的发生受到多种因素的影响，其中道路的状况是一个不容忽视的方面。对事故发生有明显影响的道路状况包括道路线形、路基路面状况、标志标线等。本文主要研究道路线形对交通事故的影响，即道路线形与道路安全的关系。
    研究内容主要分为两部分。第一部分对所调研的高速公路事故多发段点（道路黑点）进行分析。分析黑点产生的原因，重点对与线形有关的黑点前后一公里线形的平纵情况和线形组合情况进行分析，归纳出了六种容易产生道路黑点的路线情况，并从理论上分析了这些线形事故多发的原因。第二部分用数理统计的方法统计了道路线形指标取值的不同范围和不同的线形组合所对应的事故率的不同，结合统计的结果分析了平曲线半径、纵坡坡度等平纵线形指标和不同的平纵组合情况对道路安全性能的影响显著程度和事故率显著过大的区间范围，提出了进行道路安全评价和道路安全设计时应注意的、可能产生道路黑点的线形指标取值范围。

通过对道路线形与道路安全性能关系的系统分析，提出了路线对驾驶员行为的引导和对车速的调控、视距等因素是道路安全评价和道路安全设计时应注意的方面。

关键词：道路安全，道路线形，道路黑点，黑点分类，事故统计分析

ABSTRACT

Road traffic accident is affected by many factors. The road profiles is important factor. The road profiles that affected road traffic accident obviously include road alignment, profile of pavement and subgrade , mark and guide line. This paper mainly focuses on that road alignment how to affect tramc accident , that is , relation between road line and traffic accident. 
    This paper is organized into two parts. The first part contains accident prone location (road black spot) analysis based on investigated highway. The reason forming black spot is generalized,  Horizontal and vertical alignment ofroad and alignment combination analysis is carried out in one kilometer before-after black spot related to road lineament , and six road lineament situation that easily created road black spot is put forward. And the reason of accident is studied theoretically. The second pan attempts to adopt mathematical statistics method to get the range of road alignment parameter and relation between alignment combination and accident rate. High conspicuous level of effect plane curve radius and longitudinal grade data related to road alignment, different horizontal and vertical alignment combination of road on safety performance and accident rate is defined. And the range of alignment parameters that caused road black spot probably is extracted in the process of evaluating and designing road safety. 
    Based on relation between road alignment and road safety performance ,following conclusion that effect alignment on behavior Of driver ,speed control and apparent distance is important factor in the process Of evaluating and designing road safety is got. 
Key Word：Road safety，road lineament，road black spot，black spot classification，accident statistical analysis