摘要 我国正处在高速公路大发展时期，但是高速公路网在逐渐发达，通行效率不断提高的同时，也带来了较为严重的交通安全问题。因此，建立统一协调的服务于运营安全的高速公路网信息系统，综合利用各种先进的设施，提高路网的安全性和运行效率，是迫在眉睫需要开展的研究工作。 本文以高速公路网为研究对象，从动态管理的角度出发，对高速公路网信息系统的需求进行了分析，以现有的技术为前提，对信息系统中的几个核心问题，即信息采集、信息发布、动态安全评价进行了深入的理论研究，提出了构建服务于安全运营管理的高速公路网信息系统的标准。 论文首先对影响高速公路网运营安全的各类因素进行了全面总结与分析，根据高速公路安全运营管理的需要，提出了信息采集需求。 其次，以追尾相撞这一高速公路交通事故的主要形式为出发点，以来自于多源检测器的信息为依据，综合考虑道路、交通、气象因素，采用数据融合技术建立了实时动态的高速公路风险性评价模型，能够对实时交通流进行评价。 再次，对信息采集的几个主要环节，交通信息采集技术的选择与布设、气象信息的采集技术的选择与布设等，采用仿真方法和定性方法提出了具体可行的工程标准，为实现数据的有效采集和高速公路网的安全管理奠定了基础。同时对各种事件检测技术与检测算法进行了详细的阐述与比较，为选择合适的事件采集技术提供了参考依据。此外，考虑了数据采集过程中的数据异常现象，将主曲线方法引入到数据预处理过程中，为采集数据的有效利用提供了一种新方法。 再次，将可变信息标志作为主要的信息发布技术进行研究，对可变信息标志的路网布设与设计、可认知性、信息发布内容、信息发布范围、信息发布时间分别提出了相应的标准，为可变信息标志，尤其是图文式可变信息标志在高速公路上的推广使用和服务于高速公路网的安全运营管理提供了依据。 最后，全面总结论文的研究成果，形成了上海市地方行业标准《高速公路灾害性天气运营控制信息系统标准》。同时依托杭州湾跨海大桥，将《标准》进行应用，对大桥的交通信息采集技术与气象信息采集技术进行选择与布设，对可变信息标志进行布设与设计。最后以大桥的一段有雾为例，演示了信息的发布过程、发布范围、发布内容和发布方式。 关键词：高速公路网，运营安全，信息系统，实时风险评价，信息采集，信息发布，可变信息标志，标准 ABSTRACT China expressway is in a period of high-speed development. However, the growing expressway network does not improve the traffic efficiency, but bring serious traffic safety problems. Hence, establishing expressway information system and taking advantage of all kinds of establishment in order to improve safety and traffic efficiency, is the urgent research work in the current research fields. In the view of dynamic management, this paper focuses on the expressway network, and analyzes the demands of expressway network information system. Based on the current technology, deep research work is performed on the key issues of information system including information collection, information distribution and dynamic safety evaluation. A standard of expressway network information system serving for safety management is proposed. Firstly, based on the overall summarization and analysis of all kinds of effecting factors on expressway network operating safety, the information collection requests are proposed according to the demands of expressway safety management. Secondly, starting from the research of the rear end collision, a real-time expressway risk evaluation model is established according to the information collected from multi-source of detectors. At the same time, the factors of road, traffic and weather are also taken into account, so this model can evaluate the real-time traffic flow very well. Thirdly, this paper focuses on the main parts of the information collection like the selection and location of the traffic information collection equipment and the weather information collection equipment. A feasible engineering standard is presented using simulation method and qualitative research method, which make groundwork for the efficient data collection and safety management of expressway network. Simultaneously, the comparisons and analysis among the current incidents detecting technologies and arithmetic provide well reference for selecting proper incidents detection technologies. Moreover, the abnormities in data collection process are considered, and the principal curve method is introduced into data pretreatment, which provides a new method for the efficient utilization of the collected data. Fourthly, variable message sign (VMS) is studied as the main information distribution technology. A group of standards are proposed for the location, design, recognization, information distribution content, information distribution scope, and information distribution time of VMS, which will popularize the utilization of VMS especially the graphical VMS on expressway and serve for the expressway operating safety management. At last, it summarizes the research results of this work, and forms the Shanghai Local standard “the Standard of Expressway Operating Information System under Disaster Weather”. Moreover, the standard is used in Hangzhou bay bridge. Traffic information collection technology and weather information collection technology are selected and located on Hangzhou Bay Bridge according to the standard. The VMS on bridge is also designed and arranged. Taking a section of bridge with fog for example, the demonstrations of information distribution process, distribution scope, distribution content and distribution method are given at the last. Key Words: expressway network, operating safety, information system, real-time risk evaluation, information collection, information release, variable message sign (VMS), standard |
博士论文