摘要 作为国家骨架公路网最主要组成部分的高速公路网原则上应保证全天候运行，各类灾害性天气，如雾、风、雨、路面结冰等不良的天气状况，是制约高速公路网安全运行的不可避免的自然现象。灾害性气象环境条件下，必须采取相应的管理与控制措施确保高速公路运行的效率和安全，预防交通事故。为此，需要对灾害性天气下高速公路网的运行环境，研究合理的交通管理与控制措施，制定适宜的行车控制标准。基于此，本论文针对“灾害性天气下高速公路运营安全控制技术”展开研究。 论文依托“杭州湾跨海大桥工程”和“上海市高速公路灾害性天气事故预防管理系统研究”项目，以高速公路为研究对象，针对灾害性天气下的运行环境，通过行车分析和驾驶模拟仿真实验等，构建灾害性天气下的高速公路安全运行管理系统，制定相关的运行车速控制标准。并将成果应用于灾害性天气下沪宁高速路和杭州湾跨海大桥的安全运行管理与控制中。 通过对雾、风、雨、冰雪等气象的定义和相关参数的汇总，在分析各类气象条件下的高速公路网运行环境的基础上，对高速公路交通气象特征进行了研究，提出了交通气象的分类。在此基础上，分析了灾害性天气对高速公路运行安全的影响程度和范围，制定了灾害性天气下高速公路运行安全管理系统框架，提出了灾害性天气下道路安全管理对策算法和决策方法，制定了相应的动态实时管理对策，建立了动态运营安全管理决策模型，包括决策流程及信息发布方案。为了达到实时、智能化的安全管理，弥补以往管理系统的不足，充分考虑灾害性天气环境下道路系统中人、车、路三方面的关系，建立了以信息采集、信息处理以及信息发布为一体的灾害性天气下高速公路路网安全运营管理系统。 运行速度控制是高速公路安全运行管理系统中主要的安全运行对策，对以往高速公路安全运行速度的计算分析成果进行了归纳总结，提出了雾、雨两种灾害天气下的高速公路路段及出入匝道口车速的建议值。 以杭州湾跨海大桥为工程背景，对杭州湾跨海大桥进行完整路段的道路及场景建模，生成包括海中平台、服务区、互通立交的三维仿真道路场景模型，在有三通道投影的柱面屏幕上显示出能使实验者有较强沉浸感的视景。模拟试验了灾害性天气下高速公路的交通行为，研究了正常天气和灾害性天气下高速公路道路用户的驾驶行为、驾驶人员的生理心理特征和运行速度特征，综合分析了大气能见度、路面摩阻系数、风速等运行环境参数与驾驶人员心率、皮电、呼吸、加减速等的相互关系。得到了驾驶员生理参数、加减速运行参数等与环境参数的关系式和大量的统计规律，模拟试验数据和关系分析结果，对于研究高速公路交通行为和制定相关控制对策具有重大的参考价值。 应用驾驶模拟试验数据，通过定性和定量的分析，建立了高速公路路段稳态速度和事件状态下的加、减速度模型、出入口运行速度模型，并应用速度模型对灾害性天气下的运行速度控制标准进行解释和修订。 研究成果在沪宁高速公路安全运行管理系统和杭州湾大桥灾害性天气安全保障系统中得到应用。 关键词：灾害性天气运行安全安全管理系统驾驶模拟仿真实验交通行为运行车速模型 ABSTRACT As the most important component of the national highway network, the freeway network should, in principle, to ensure all-weather running. All kinds of severe weather, such as fog, wind, rain, ice etc. are inevitable natural phenomena restricting the safety operation of the highway network. Under the severe weather conditions, operation management and control measures must be taken to ensure the highway running efficiency, safety and prevention of traffic accidents. Therefore, it is necessary to study the sound traffic management and control measures, to work out the appropriate traffic control standards under the severe weather highway network environment, Based on this background, this paper makes a research about highway operational safety control technology under severe weather. Relying on the projects of "Hangzhou Bay Bridge Project" and "Shanghai Expressway accident prevention Management System under the severe weather conditions "and under the environment of severe weather conditions, this paper builds up the freeway traffic safety management system and the development of relevant operating speed control standard through freeway running environmental analysis and driving simulation experiments. The achievements are also applied in the projects of Shanghai-Nanjing Expressway and the Safety Operation Management and Control under the Severe Weather of the Hangzhou Bay Freeway. Through the definition of fog, wind, rain, snow ice and the collection of related parameters, and based on the analyzing of freeway network operating environment on the various types of weather conditions ,the paper makes a classified research of the characteristics of freeway traffic meteorological, puts forward a traffic weather classification. On this basis, this paper analyses the impact of the severe weather on the highway safe operation , develops the management security system framework under the severe weather , puts forward road safety management countermeasures algorithms and decision-making methods under severe weathers, develops a corresponding dynamic real-time management countermeasure and establishes the dynamic model of operational safety management and decision-making, including decision-making processes and information release program. In order to achieve real-time, intelligent security management, to make up for the inadequacy of the previous management system, this paper gives full consideration to three-way relationships of the human , road environment and vehicles under severe weathers, establishes severe weather freeway network security operations management system as the information collection, information processing and information dissemination a whole. Speed control is the main safety operation measures in the freeway safety operation management system. This paper makes a summary of the calculation results of the speed of the freeway Safety management and recommends the speed value in the freeway section and ramp to and off the freeway under the fog and rain severe weathers. On the background of Hangzhou Bay freeway , this paper made a modeling of complete sections of Hangzhou Bay freeway and scene ，including the sea platform, service area, Interchange three-dimensional simulation model. A three-channel projection cylinder screen can have a stronger sense of visual immersion for experimenter. The paper simulates the severe weather freeway traffic acts, makes a research of the normal weather and catastrophic weather road users driving behavior, driving personnel physiological and psychological characteristics and the operating speed features, and makes a comprehensive analysis of the relationship between the operation environment parameters about the atmospheric visibility, road surface friction coefficient, wind speed and the driver heart rate, galvanic skin, respiratory, the acceleration and deceleration. This paper gets the relationship between the drivers physiological parameters, operating parameters of acceleration and deceleration and environmental parameters and gets a large number of statistical laws. Simulation test data and results of the analysis are of great reference value to study traffic acts and to develop relevant control measures. Using the driving simulation test data and through qualitative and quantitative analysis, the paper sets up the steady-state model of the sections of the freeway, acceleration and deceleration velocity model, import and export operating speed model. This paper makes an interpretation and revision of the operation speed control criteria under severe weather. Research results are applied in the Shanghai-Nanjing expressway safety operation management systems and Hangzhou Bay Freeway security systems under severe weather. Key Words: Atrocious weather, Operation Safety, Safety Management System, Driving Simulation, Traffic Behavior, Operation Speed Models. |
博士论文