摘要 随着我国高速公路建设的快速发展，高速公路隧道大量投入运营。高速公路隧道使山区交通高效联通的同时，由于其特殊的行车环境，又成为高速公路的交通瓶颈，高速公路隧道的运营安全受到普遍关注。 本文以山区高速公路长大隧道为研究对象，从事故预防及二次事故预防的角度出发，系统分析了高速公路隧道交通运营特征及隧道运营安全的关键影响因素，提出了高速公路隧道运营安全控制标准与策略、高速公路隧道运营安全管理的实施单元，并归纳了保障高速公路隧道运营安全的工程对策。 论文首先对高速公路隧道的交通运营特征进行了深入探讨。通过文献调研与现场调研，全面分析了当前我国高速公路隧道的行车环境特征、交通流特征及事故分布特征。 在分析高速公路隧道事故机理的基础上，本文提出高速公路隧道运营安全的关键影响因素包括灾害性天气、洞内交通流的紊乱性及隧道事件。根据隧道运营安全管理的需要，论文提出了灾害性天气实时的检测参数；构建了3个描述交通流紊乱性的事故风险指标，根据隧道事件形式，分析了隧道事件的管理参数，并从控制管理的角度对事件进行了分类。 在高速公路隧道运营安全控制标准方面，根据灾害性天气与隧道交通安全的关系，系统地提出了隧道在各种灾害性天气下的限速标准；根据仿真结果，提出了隧道接近段在各种交通流状态下的交通控制标准；根据隧道交通流事故风险分析，提出了提出洞内交通流风险的监视阈值；提出了事件下的隧道的限速标准与安全通行能力标准。 在高速公路隧道运营安全控制策略方面，本文提出了高速公路隧道运营安全的信息提示策略、基于洞内交通流实时事故风险值的隧道交通监视策略、隧道事件管理与控制策略。 在隧道运营安全管理的实施层面，论文提出了高速公路隧道运营安全的实施单元。高速公路隧道运营安全的实施单元包括：洞内的交通控制单元与交通监视单元；隧道接近段控制单元；路网实施单元。系统探讨实施高速公路隧道运营安全管理路段单元及节点单元的设置、构建与划分方法。在此基础上，根据运营安全管理的需要，提出高速公路隧道运营安全实施单元信息采集与发布设施的基本要求及布设。 通过调研国内外的高速公路及公路隧道的安全保障工程措施，从改善隧道行车环境的角度出发，从隧道视觉环境改善、路面抗滑性能改善、警示标志与标线的设置等三方面归纳总结了高速公路隧道运营安全的工程对策，为高速公路隧道的安全保障工程提供参考。 最后，本文依托景婺高速公路蛟岭隧道，将高速公路隧道运营安全管理对策的研究成果运用于工程实践。 ABSTRACT Along with rapid development of china’s expressway, lots of expressway tunnels were put into operation. On the one hand, expressway tunnels make the traffic of mountain area more efficient, but at the same time, they became expressway bottlenecks because of their special inner environment, so the operation safety of expressway tunnels attracts universal attention of researchers. This paper chooses the mountainous expressway tunnel as research object. From the angle of accident prevention and secondary accident prevention, the paper systematically analyzed operation characteristics of expressway tunnel and key influential factors of expressway tunnel accidents, then put forward control standards and management tatics of tunnel operation safety. Some engineering safety measures, which are applicable to expressway tunnels, are also concluded. First, the paper deeply discussed the operation characteristics of expressway tunnel. Based on related reports and field survey, characteristics of the riding environment, traffic flow and accidents distribution in expressway tunnels are fully analyzed. Based on mechanism analysis and influential factors of expressway tunnel accidents, the paper proposes the key influential factors of operation safety of expressway tunnels, including disastrous weathers, dynamic turbulence of inner traffic flow, and tunnel incidents. According to the requirement of tunnel operation safety management, parameters of disastrous weathers to be detected, three accident risk indexes, control parameters and sorting of tunnel incidents are established by the paper. As for control standards of tunnel operation safety, the paper systemically proposes the limited speed standards according to the relation between disastrous weathers and tunnel traffic safety; control standards of exterior control section approaching tunnel entrance under traffic conditions are put forward based on emulator results; after analysis of accident risk of tunnel traffic flow, paper proposes surveillance standard of accident risk index of tunnel traffic flow; tunnel speed limited and capacity are also put forward. As for control tatics of tunnel operation safety, this paper proposes information distribution tatics, traffic surveillance tatics based on accident risk of inner traffic flow, under the state of incident, traffic control, broadcasting, ventilation, illumination and road network control are also discussed in this paper. For the sake of efficiency of tunnel operation safety management, the paper constructs three kinds of spatial management sections, including traffic control and surveillance sections of inner tunnel, exterior control section approaching tunnel entrance, and road network control sections. The paper also conclude some engineering safety measures applicable to expressway tunnels, which may improve tunnel visual environment, tunnel pavement skid-resistance, and the sign distribution neighboring expressway tunnel. At last, the research fruits are applied to Jiaoling tunnel on Jing-Wu expressway for practice. |
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